1. Hironobu SUZUKI @ InterDB >
  2. 1. Database Cluster, Databases and Tables

1. Database Cluster, Databases and Tables

This chapter and the next chapter summarize the basic knowledge of PostgreSQL to help to read the subsequent chapters. This chapter describes the following topics:

Chapter Contents
  • 1.1. The logical structure of a database cluster
  • 1.2. The physical structure of a database cluster
  • 1.3. Heap Table Structure
  • 1.4. The methods of writing and reading data to a table
The Internals of PostgreSQL
  • Home
  • 1. DB Cluster, DB and Tables
    • 1.1. Logical Structure of DB Cluster
    • 1.2. Physical Structure of DB Cluster
    • 1.3. Heap Table Structure
    • 1.4. Writing and Reading Tuples
  • 2. Process and Memory Arch.
    • 2.1. Process Architecture
    • 2.2. Memory Architecture
  • 3. Query Processing
    • 3.1. Overview
    • 3.2. Cost Estimation in Single-Table Query
    • 3.3. Creating the Plan Tree of a Single-Table Query
    • 3.4. Executor Performance
    • 3.5. Join Operations
      • 3.5.1. Nested Loop Join
      • 3.5.2. Merge Join
      • 3.5.3. Hash Join
      • 3.5.4. Join Access Paths and Join Nodes
    • 3.6. Creating the Plan Tree of Multiple-Table Query
    • 3.7. Parallel Query
  • 4. Foreign Data Wrappers (FDW)
    • 4.1. Overview
    • 4.2. postgres_fdw
  • 5. Concurrency Control
    • 5.1 Transaction ID
    • 5.2 Tuple Structure
    • 5.3. Inserting, Deleting and Updating Tuples
    • 5.4. Commit Log (clog)
    • 5.5. Transaction Snapshot
    • 5.6. Visibility Check Rules
    • 5.7. Visibility Check
    • 5.8. Preventing Lost Updates
    • 5.9. Serializable Snapshot Isolation
    • 5.10. Maintenance Processes
  • 6. VACUUM Processing
    • 6.1. Outline of Concurrent VACUUM
    • 6.2. Visibility Map
    • 6.3. Freeze Processing
    • 6.4. Removing Unnecessary Clog Files
    • 6.5. Autovacuum Daemon
    • 6.6. Full VACUUM
  • 7. HOT and Index-Only Scans
    • 7.1. Heap Only Tuple (HOT)
    • 7.2. Index-Only Scans
  • 8. Buffer Manager
    • 8.1. Overview
    • 8.2. Buffer Manager Structure
    • 8.3. Buffer Manager Locks
    • 8.4. How the Buffer Manager Works
    • 8.5. Ring Buffer and Local Buffer
    • 8.6. Flushing Dirty Pages
  • 9. Write Ahead Logging (WAL)
    • 9.1. Overview
    • 9.2. Transaction Log and WAL Segment Files
    • 9.3. Internal Layout of WAL Segment
    • 9.4. Internal Layout of XLOG Record
    • 9.5. Writing of XLOG Records
    • 9.6. WAL related processes
    • 9.7. Checkpoint Processing
    • 9.8. Database Recovery
    • 9.9. WAL Segment Files Management
    • 9.10. Continuous Archiving and Archive Logs
  • 10. Online Backup and PITR
    • 10.1. Base Backup
    • 10.2. How Point-in-Time Recovery Works
    • 10.3. timelineId and Timeline History File
    • 10.4. Point-in-Time Recovery with Timeline History File
    • 10.5. Incremental Backup
  • 11. Streaming Replication
    • 11.1. Starting the Streaming Replication
    • 11.2. How to Conduct Streaming Replication
    • 11.3. Managing Multiple-Standby Servers
    • 11.4. Replication Slots
  • 12. Logical Replication
    • 12.1. Overview and Key Concepts
    • 12.2. Starting Logical Replication
    • 12.3. ReorderBuffer Structure
    • 12.4. WAL Data Filtering and Buffering
    • 12.5. Output Plugins: pgoutput
    • 12.6. Sending Message
    • 12.7. Apply Worker
    • 12.8. Restart and Recovery
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